Replying to the County of Museum of natural history scientific Kirk Fitzhugh

In a prior post, we saw how the LA County Museum of Natural History contributed to the pressure exerted on the science of California to cancel a pro - ID, event Centre sponsored by the American Freedom Alliance. But there is a story to tell here shortly. When I was a student, a friend gave me a package entitled "classification: Graduate Student project", which explains the different methods for construction of phylogenetic trees. The package is a collection three-ring binder pages of a project conducted in 1983 by a student graduate-then at George Washington University, Kirk Fitzhugh. Its name came as I examine me the email correspondence related to his contract cancellation of the California Science Center to detect dilemma pro - ID, Darwin film. Some of the emails were written by Mr. Fitzhugh while others were sent to him. But I am getting ahead of myself.

Over the years, I sometimes mentioned in the package with amusement. Why? Because exercises using a set of data intelligently designed, artificial drawing little hypothetical creatures based on text, each given a unique set of features and characters.The student is supposed to analyze the data set and to use various methods of construction of the tree to rebuild given créatures.étant evolutionary relationships that this data set is designed to intelligently, and that creature does not share that common ancestor, exercise reminds me how it is easy to build scalable trees that have nothing to do with the history of evolution.

For example, go you to the empty, local gym to each record and catalogue content and then use these methods construct a hypothetical phylogenetic tree showing how this pair of shorts is related to this t-shirt, how this dryer shared ancestors with this product spray antiperspirant and thus of suite.Bien as tree that might result from prudent application of methods for systematists, it would be pure absurd. Could this happen in the construction of real phylogenetic trees of living organisms?

Let's take a hypothetical set of intelligently designed agencies whose similarities are not the result of a common ancestor.Assuming a common ancestor, you can still make a perfectly good evolutionary tree .the ' tree yet would be a simple construction based on assumptions - and completely false.

Hypothesis of the package, it is the biological similarity implies a common heritage (except when it isn't)-a pervasive assumption in the field of systematic.As a single article stipulates:

(mostly), molecular systematics is based on the hypothesis first clearly formulated by Zuckerkandl and Pauling (1962), the degree of overall similarity reflects parenté.Cette hypothesis degree derives from the interpretation of the molecular similarity or dissimilarity) between taxa in the context of a Darwinian model of continuous and progressive change.Review of the history of molecular systematics and its claims in the context of the molecular biology reveals that there is no basis for "molecular hypothesis."...For historians and philosophers of science, the issues are emerging belief in the infallibility of molecular data to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships and how this belief has become so central...

(Jeffrey h. Schwartz, Bruno Maresca, "" do molecular clocks run at all? A critique of molecular systematics, "biological theory, vol. 1 (4): 357-371, (2006).")

(In the same way, the package ignore characters allegedly resulting convergent - evolution as the package repeatedly reminds the reader "converging characters have no place in the taxonomy".)The package has, therefore, was a reminder for me-centred methodology support and weak underlying phylogenetic trees.

Complementary responses to Mr. Fitzhugh will in some future posts.

This entry transmitted via the service for full-text RSS - if this is your content and you read on someone to another site, please read our FAQ page fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php
Article five filters features: After Hiroshima - non-rapport Cancer Catastrophe of Fallujah.

View the original article here

Smart design explains and unifies data from across the spectrum of scientific fields

What we see in biology and Cosmology is a fine-tuning to ensure privacy. ID argues that the level of information, this fine tuning is exactly the kind of information we understand viewing experience, has intelligence. This argument design is not based on the unexplained "mysteries" in science. Instead, it relies on the find in nature, the type of complexity that we know originates from intelligence. It is a positive argument.

To summarize this argument, some of the most important discoveries in biology from the 20th century - which ID adheres without reserve - discovery found that life is based on:

• A large quantity of information encoded in a biochemical; language
• A computer system codes and commands which deals with the information to produce...
• Multi-machine systems and molecular machines.

Where, in our experience, things like language, information, programming code or machines come from? They are a known source: intelligence.As Stephen Meyer wrote in signature in the cell:

Experience shows that substantial quantities of specified complexity or information (including codes and languages) are invariably a source smart - spirit or agent personal. ..."For the discovery of the digital information specified in the offer DNA molecule of solid reasons to infer that intelligence played a role in the origin of the DNA when effect whenever we find specified information and known history causal how this information was raised, we still find it follows an intelligent source".(p. 341, 347)

BioLogos goes on to say 'BioLogos rejects the' God gap ' reasoning."However, Meyer cited above reasoning is most certainly not"gaps"- style thinking.It is based on what we know about the powers of causation of intelligent agents and positive signs of finding intelligent organization in natural systems.Unfortunately, BioLogos misframes ID as a negative criticism merely natural processes.

Reality is that the ID uses science to method its scientific method revendications.La is often described as a four step process involving hypothesis, comments, experiences and conclusion.ID begins by observing that the intelligent agents produce complex specified information (CSI) .Conception theorists hypothesize that if a natural object has been designed, it will contain high levels of CSI.Scientifiques then perform experimental natural to determine if they contain complex information objects tests and spécifiées.Une form of CSI is irreducible complexity, which can be tested for by reverse-engineering experimentally to experience biological structures genetic knockout to determine if they have all their parts fonctionner.lorsque experimental work uncovers the irreducible complexity in biology, researchers conclude that these structures were designed.

Using these methods, ID explains and unifies a wide variety of data from a number of scientific fields, including:

• Biochemistry, where ID encourages scientists to recognize and understand the origin of the information specified in the protein and DNA; and complex
  
• Genetics, where ID encourages scientists trying to function for the so-called "junk" DNA;
  
• Systematics, where ID encourages scientists to understand whether the similarities between living species, including examples of genetics extreme "convergence," are best explained by ID instead of Darwinism.
  
• Cell biology, where ID encourages scientists to display the cell as built from "structures designed instead of accidental by-product of the Darwinian evolution" which allows scientists to better understand the molecular machines;
  
• Biology of systems where ID encourages biologists consider various biological systems as integrated components of large systems that are designed to work together in top-down manner, coordinated;
  
• Animal biology where ID encourages scientists trying to function for the structures would have been "remnant";
  
• Bio-informatics, where ID encourages scientists to find new information and functional language incorporated into the genetic codes, but also other codes in biology; layers
  
• Theory of information, where ID encourages scientists to understand where intelligent causes are higher than natural causes in the production of certain types of information;
  
• Paleontology where ID encourages scientists to understand how the nature irreducibly complex biological systems can predict with change and stasis in the history of life;
  
• Physics and Cosmology, where ID encourages researchers to explore and discover instances of refinement of the laws of physics, that allow to the existence of advanced forms of life.

ID is not simply a negative argument against Darwinian evolution or causes another matériau.Encore once, if you agree or disagree with the ID, you cannot deny that make a positive argument ID proponents.

By ID calling a "non-scientific" explanation, the BioLogos taxonomy is not only inexacte.Il moves be allegedly descriptive expressly be partisane.Ils have the right to have some perspective they wish, but it seems that they cannot describe same ID without leading the reader with discussion biaisée.De even, Mr. Benson innocently asked "what better riding describes your point of view and why?," but who wants to agree with descriptions that are then labelled "scientists"? in law, it is a question of leadership.

No mistake: If you are looking for dry objective facts on ID, you won't find them in this BioLogos description.

Institute for discovery, which certainly has its own prejudices and the prospect has created a Web site which deals with the different points of view on this question.Pour a different perspective on the theistic evolution, visit faith and Evolution.

This entry transmitted via the service for full-text RSS - if this is your content and you read on someone to another site, please read our FAQ page fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php
Article five filters features: After Hiroshima - non-rapport Cancer Catastrophe of Fallujah.

View the original article here